حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قِيلَ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ يُغْفَرْ لَكُمْ خَطَايَاكُمْ فَبَدَّلُوا فَدَخَلُوا الْبَابَ يَزْحَفُونَ عَلَى أَسْتَاهِهِمْ وَقَالُوا حَبَّةٌ فِي شَعَرَةٍ.
This is what Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported to us from Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) and in this connection he narrated some of the ahadith and Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) said: It was said to people of Israel: Enter this land saying Hitta (Remove Thou from us the burden of our sins), whereupon We would forgive you your sins, but they twisted (this statement) and entered the gate dragging upon their breech and said: The grain in the ear.
Narrated by Hammim bin Munabbih reported
حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ النَّاقِدُ وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحُلْوَانِيُّ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ عَبْدٌ حَدَّثَنِي و قَالَ الْآخَرَانِ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ يَعْنُونَ ابْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي عَنْ صَالِحٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ كَيْسَانَ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ تَابَعَ الْوَحْيَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ وَفَاتِهِ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ وَأَكْثَرُ مَا كَانَ الْوَحْيُ يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, sent revelation to Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) just before his death in quick succession until he left for his heavenly home, and the day when he died, he received the revelation profusely.
Narrated by Anas bin Malik رضی اللہ عنہ reported
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَالُوا لِعُمَرَ إِنَّكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ آيَةً لَوْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِينَا لَاتَّخَذْنَا ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ عِيدًا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ أُنْزِلَتْ وَأَيَّ يَوْمٍ أُنْزِلَتْ وَأَيْنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَيْثُ أُنْزِلَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ بِعَرَفَةَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاقِفٌ بِعَرَفَةَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ أَشُكُّ كَانَ يَوْمَ جُمُعَةٍ أَمْ لَا يَعْنِي الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي.
A Jew said to 'Umar رضی اللہ عنہ : You recite a verse which, if it had been revealed in relation to us, we would have taken that day as the day of rejoicing. Thereupon 'Umar رضی اللہ عنہ said: I know where it was revealed and on the day when it was revealed and where Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) had been at that time when it was revealed. It was revealed on the day of 'Arafa (ninth of Dhu'l Hijjah) and Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) had been staying in 'Arafat. Sufyan said: I doubt, whether it was Friday or not (and the verse referred to) is this: Today I have perfected your religion for you and completed My favours upon you (v. 4).
Narrated by Tariq bin Shihab reported
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ قَالَتْ الْيَهُودُ لِعُمَرَ لَوْ عَلَيْنَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمْ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا نَعْلَمُ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَتْ فِيهِ لَاتَّخَذْنَا ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ عِيدًا قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَتْ فِيهِ وَالسَّاعَةَ وَأَيْنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ نَزَلَتْ نَزَلَتْ لَيْلَةَ جَمْعٍ وَنَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ.
A Jew said to 'Umar رضی اللہ عنہ: If this verse were revealed in relation to the Jews (i.e. This day I have perfected your religion for you and have completed My favours for you and have chosen for you al-Islam as religion ) we would have taken the day of rejoicing on which this verse was revealed. Thereupon 'Umar رضی اللہ عنہ said: I know the day on which it was revealed and the hour when it was revealed and where Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) had been when it was revealed. It was revealed on the night of Friday and we were in 'Arafat with Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) at that time.
Narrated by Tariq bin Shihab reported
و حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُمَيْسٍ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَهَا لَوْ عَلَيْنَا نَزَلَتْ مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ لَاتَّخَذْنَا ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ عِيدًا قَالَ وَأَيُّ آيَةٍ قَالَ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمْ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ وَالْمَكَانَ الَّذِي نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ.
A Jew came to 'Umar رضی اللہ عنہ and said: Commander of the Faithful, there is a verse in your Book, which you recite. Had it been revealed in connection with the Jews, we would have taken it as the day of rejoicing. Thereupon he said: Which verse do you mean? He replied: This day I have perfected your religion for you and I have completed My favours upon you and I have chosen al-Islam as religion for you. Umar رضی اللہ عنہ said, I know the day when it was revealed and the place where it was revealed. It was revealed to Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) at 'Arafat on Friday.
Narrated by Tariq bin Shihab reported
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَرْحٍ وَحَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى التُّجِيبِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ حَدَّثَنَا و قَالَ حَرْمَلَةُ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنْ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ قَالَتْ يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حَجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا تُشَارِكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ فَيُعْجِبُهُ مَالُهَا وَجَمَالُهَا فَيُرِيدُ وَلِيُّهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ أَنْ يُقْسِطَ فِي صَدَاقِهَا فَيُعْطِيَهَا مِثْلَ مَا يُعْطِيهَا غَيْرُهُ فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ وَيَبْلُغُوا بِهِنَّ أَعْلَى سُنَّتِهِنَّ مِنْ الصَّدَاقِ وَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَهُمْ مِنْ النِّسَاءِ سِوَاهُنَّ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ اسْتَفْتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِيهِنَّ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلْ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ قَالَتْ وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ الْآيَةُ الْأُولَى الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنْ النِّسَاءِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُخْرَى وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ رَغْبَةَ أَحَدِكُمْ عَنْ الْيَتِيمَةِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي حَجْرِهِ حِينَ تَكُونُ قَلِيلَةَ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا رَغِبُوا فِي مَالِهَا وَجَمَالِهَا مِنْ يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا بِالْقِسْطِ مِنْ أَجْلِ رَغْبَتِهِمْ عَنْهُنَّ.
He asked 'A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا about the words of Allah: If you fear that you will not be able to maintain equity amongst the orphan girls, then marry (those) you like from amongst the women two, three or four. She said: O, the son of my sister, the orphan girl is one who is under the patronage of her guardian and she shares with him in his property and her property and beauty fascinate him and her guardian makes up his mind to marry her without giving her due share of the wedding money and is not prepared (to pay so much amount) which anyone else is prepared to pay and so Allah has forbidden to marry these girls but in case when equity is observed as regards the wedding money and they are prepared to pay them the full amount of the wedding money and Allah commanded to marry other women besides them according to the liking of their heart. 'Urwa reported that 'A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said that people began to seek verdict from Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) after the revelation of this verse about them (orphan girls) and Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, revealed this verse: They asked thee verdict about women; say: Allah gives verdict to you in regard to them and what is recited to you in the Book about orphan woman, whom you give not what is ordained for them while you like to marry them (iv. 126). She said: The wording of Allah what is recited to you in the Book means the first verse, i.e. if you fear that you may not be able to observe equity in case of an orphan woman, marry what you like in case of woman (iv. 3). 'A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said: (And as for this verse [iv. 126], i.e. and you intend to marry one of them from amongst the orphan girls it pertains to one who is in charge (of orphans) having small amount of wealth and less beauty and they have been forbidden that they should marry what they like of her wealth and beauty out of the orphan girls, but with equity, because of their disliking for them.
Narrated by Urwa bin Zubair reported
و حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ الْحُلْوَانِيُّ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي عَنْ صَالِحٍ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ رَغْبَتِهِمْ عَنْهُنَّ إِذَا كُنَّ قَلِيلَاتِ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ.
He asked 'A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا about the words of Allah: If you fear that you will not be able to observe equity in case of orphan girls ; the rest of the hadith is the same but with a slight variation of wording.
Narrated by Urwa reported
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْله وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى قَالَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الْيَتِيمَةُ وَهُوَ وَلِيُّهَا وَوَارِثُهَا وَلَهَا مَالٌ وَلَيْسَ لَهَا أَحَدٌ يُخَاصِمُ دُونَهَا فَلَا يُنْكِحُهَا لِمَالِهَا فَيَضُرُّ بِهَا وَيُسِيءُ صُحْبَتَهَا فَقَالَ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنْ النِّسَاءِ يَقُولُ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَكُمْ وَدَعْ هَذِهِ الَّتِي تَضُرُّ بِهَا.
A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said that as for the words of Allah: If you fear that you would not be able to observe equity in case of orphan girls), it was revealed in reference to a person who had an orphan girl (as his ward) and he was her guardian, and her heir, and she possessed property, but there was none to contend on her behalf except her ownself. And he (her guardian) did not give her in marriage because of her property and he tortured her and ill-treated her, it was in relation to her that (Allah said: ) If you fear that you would not be able to observe equity in case of orphan girls, then marry whom you like among women, i. e. whatever I have made lawful for you and leave her whom you are putting to torture.
Narrated by Hisham asked his father (Urwah)
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْله وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ قَالَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي الْيَتِيمَةِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ فَتَشْرَكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ فَيَرْغَبُ عَنْهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَيَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا غَيْرَهُ فَيَشْرَكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ فَيَعْضِلُهَا فَلَا يَتَزَوَّجُهَا وَلَا يُزَوِّجُهَا غَيْرَهُ.
What is recited to you in the Book about orphan women whom you give not what is ordained for them, while you like to marry them, these were revealed in connection with an orphan girl who was in the charge of the person and she shared with him in his property and he was reluctant to marry her himself and was also unwilling to marry her to someone else (fearing) that (that person) would share in his property (as the husband of that girl), preventing her to marry, neither marrying her himself nor marrying her to another person.
Narrated by A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said in connection with His words (those of Allah)
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْله يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلْ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ الْآيَةَ قَالَتْ هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ الَّتِي تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ لَعَلَّهَا أَنْ تَكُونَ قَدْ شَرِكَتْهُ فِي مَالِهِ حَتَّى فِي الْعَذْقِ فَيَرْغَبُ يَعْنِي أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا وَيَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُنْكِحَهَا رَجُلًا فَيَشْرَكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ فَيَعْضِلُهَا.
They ask thee the religious verdict about women, say: Allah gives you the verdict about them (iv. 126), that these relate to an orphan girl who is in charge of the person and she shares with him in his property (as a heir) even in the date-palm trees and he is reluctant to give her hand in marriage to any other person lest he (her husband) should partake of his property, and thus keep her in a lingering state.
Narrated by Hisham reported that 'A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said in connection with the words of Allah
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْله وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي وَالِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ الَّذِي يَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ وَيُصْلِحُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مُحْتَاجًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ.
'A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said in connection with His (Allah's) words: And whoever is poor let him take reasonably (out of it) that it was revealed in connection with the custodian of the property of an orphan, who is in charge of her and looks after her; In case he is poor, he is allowed to eat out of that.
Narrated by Hisham reported on the authority of his father
و حَدَّثَنَاه أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي وَلِيِّ الْيَتِيمِ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مُحْتَاجًا بِقَدْرِ مَالِهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ.
He who is rich should abstain, and he who is poor may reasonably eat (out of it) that this was revealed in relation to the guardian of an orphan who is poor; he may get out of that what is reasonable keeping in view his own status of solvency.
Narrated by A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا reported in connection with the words of Allah, the Exalted
و حَدَّثَنَاه أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Hisham with the same chain of transmitters.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِذْ جَاءُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ وَإِذْ زَاغَتْ الْأَبْصَارُ وَبَلَغَتْ الْقُلُوبُ الْحَنَاجِرَ قَالَتْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ.
When they came upon you from above you and from below you and when the eyes turned dull and the hearts rose up to the throats (xxxiii. 10) pertain to the day of Ditch.
Narrated by A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا reported that these words of Allah
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَإِنْ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا الْآيَةَ قَالَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ فَتَطُولُ صُحْبَتُهَا فَيُرِيدُ طَلَاقَهَا فَتَقُولُ لَا تُطَلِّقْنِي وَأَمْسِكْنِي وَأَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِنِّي فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ.
And if a woman has reason to fear ill-treatment from her husband or that he might turn away from her (iv. 128) that it was revealed in case of a woman who had long association with a person (as his wife) and now he intends to divorce her and she says: Do not divorce me, but retain me (as wife in your house) and you are permitted to live with another wife. It is in this context that this verse was revealed.
Narrated by A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said in connection with the verse
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَإِنْ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا قَالَتْ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ فَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ لَا يَسْتَكْثِرَ مِنْهَا وَتَكُونُ لَهَا صُحْبَةٌ وَوَلَدٌ فَتَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا فَتَقُولُ لَهُ أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِنْ شَأْنِي.
And if a woman has reason to fear ill-treatment from her husband or that he might turn away from her that it was revealed in case of a woman who lived with a person and perhaps he does not want to prolong (his relationship with her) whereas she has had sexual relationship with him (and as a result thereof) she got a child from him and she does not like that she should be divorced, so she says to him: I permit you to live with the other wife.
Narrated by A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said in connection with these words of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَتْ لِي عَائِشَةُ يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي أُمِرُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِأَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَبُّوهُمْ.
'A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا said to him: O, the son of my sister, the Muslims were commanded to seek forgiveness for the Companions of Allah's Apostle ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) but they reviled them.
Narrated by Urwa reported on the authority of his father
و حَدَّثَنَاه أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Usama with the same chain of narrators.
حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ اخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ فَرَحَلْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ لَقَدْ أُنْزِلَتْ آخِرَ مَا أُنْزِلَ ثُمَّ مَا نَسَخَهَا شَيْءٌ.
The inhabitants of Kufa differed in regard to this verse: But whoever slays another believer intentionally, his requital shall be Hell (iv. 92), so I went to Ibn 'Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ and asked him about it, whereupon he said: This has been revealed and nothing abrogated it.
Narrated by Sa'id bin Jubair رضی اللہ عنہ reported
و حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَابْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ و حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا النَّضْرُ قَالَا جَمِيعًا حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جَعْفَرٍ نَزَلَتْ فِي آخِرِ مَا أُنْزِلَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ النَّضْرِ إِنَّهَا لَمِنْ آخِرِ مَا أُنْزِلَتْ.
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Shu'ba with the same chain of narrators but with a slight variation of wording.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ أَمَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبْزَى أَنْ أَسْأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ لَمْ يَنْسَخْهَا شَيْءٌ وَعَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ.
'Abdul Rahman bin Azdi commanded me that I should ask Ibn 'Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ about these two verses: He who slays a believer intentionally his requital shall be Hell where he would abide for ever (iv. 92). So, I asked him and he said: Nothing has abrogated it. And as for this verse: And they who call not upon another god with Allah and slay not the soul which Allah has forbidden, except in the cause of justice (xxv. 68), he (Ibn Abbas) said: This has been revealed in regard to the polytheists.
Narrated by Sa'id bin Jubair رضی اللہ عنہ reported
حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ اللَّيْثِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ يَعْنِي شَيْبَانَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ بِمَكَّةَ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ إِلَى قَوْله مُهَانًا فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنَّا الْإِسْلَامُ وَقَدْ عَدَلْنَا بِاللَّهِ وَقَدْ قَتَلْنَا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَأَتَيْنَا الْفَوَاحِشَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ فَأَمَّا مَنْ دَخَلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَعَقَلَهُ ثُمَّ قَتَلَ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ.
This verse was revealed in Mecca: And they who call not upon another god with Allah and slay not the soul which Allah has forbidden except in the cause of justice up to the word Muhdana (abased). Thereupon the polytheists said: Islam is of no avail to us for we have made peer with Allah and we killed the soul which Allah had forbidden to do and we committed debauchery, and it was (on this occasion) that Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, revealed this verse: Except him who repents and believes and does good deeds up to the end Ibn 'Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ says: He who enters the fold of Islam and understands its command and then kills the soul there is no repentance for him.
Narrated by Ibn 'Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ said
حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ عَنْ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ حَدَّثَنِي الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ أَبِي بَزَّةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَلِمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا مِنْ تَوْبَةٍ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَتَلَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي فِي الْفُرْقَانِ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ هَذِهِ آيَةٌ مَكِّيَّةٌ نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةٌ مَدَنِيَّةٌ وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ فَتَلَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي فِي الْفُرْقَانِ إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ.
I said to Ibn Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ : Will the repentance of that person be accepted who kills a believer intentionally? He said: No. I recited to him this verse of Sura al-Furqan (xix.): And those who call not upon another god with Allah and slay not the soul which Allah has forbidden except in the cause of justice to the end of the verse. He said: This is a Meccan verse which has been abrogated by a verse revealed at Medina: He who slays a believer intentionally, for him is the requital of Hell-Fire where he would abide for ever, and in the narration of Ibn Hisham (the words are): I recited to him this verse of Sura al-Furqan: Except one who made repentance.
Narrated by Sa'id bin Jubair رضی اللہ عنہ reported
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَهَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ عَبْدٌ أَخْبَرَنَا و قَالَ الْآخَرَانِ حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُمَيْسٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ قَالَ لِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ تَعْلَمُ وَقَالَ هَارُونُ تَدْرِي آخِرَ سُورَةٍ نَزَلَتْ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ نَزَلَتْ جَمِيعًا قُلْتُ نَعَمْ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ تَعْلَمُ أَيُّ سُورَةٍ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ آخِرَ.
Ibn Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ said to me: Do you know-and in the words of Harun (another narrator): Are you aware of-the last Sura which was revealed in the Qur'an as a whole? I said: Yes, When came the help from Allah and the victory (cx.). Thereupon, he said: You have told the truth. And in the narration of Abu Shaiba (the words are): Do you know the Sura? And he did not mention the words the last one .
Narrated by Ubaidullah bin 'Abdullah bin 'Utba reported
و حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَيْسٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ وَقَالَ آخِرَ سُورَةٍ وَقَالَ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ ابْنِ سُهَيْلٍ.
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Abu 'Umais through the same chain of transmitters but with a slight variation of wording.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَإِسْحَقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا و قَالَ الْآخَرَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ لَقِيَ نَاسٌ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رَجُلًا فِي غُنَيْمَةٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَخَذُوهُ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَخَذُوا تِلْكَ الْغُنَيْمَةَ فَنَزَلَتْ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمْ السَّلَمَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا وَقَرَأَهَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ السَّلَامَ.
Some Muslims met a person with a small flock of sheep. He said: As-Salam-o-'Alaikum. They caught hold of him and killed him and took possession of his flock. Then this verse was revealed: He who meets you and extends you salutations, don't say: You are not a Muslim (iv. 94). Ibn 'Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ , however, recited the word as-Salam instead of as-Salam .
Narrated by Ibn Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ reported
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ و حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَابْنُ بَشَّارٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَقَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ يَقُولَ كَانَتْ الْأَنْصَارُ إِذَا حَجُّوا فَرَجَعُوا لَمْ يَدْخُلُوا الْبُيُوتَ إِلَّا مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا قَالَ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ فَدَخَلَ مِنْ بَابِهِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَنْ تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا.
When the Ansar performed the Pilgrimage, they did not enter their houses but from behind. A person from the Ansar came and he began to enter from his door but it was said to him (why he was doing something in contravention to the common practice of coming to the houses from behind). Then this verse was revealed. Piety is not that you come to the doors from behind (ii. 189).
Narrated by Bara' رضی اللہ عنہ reported
حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الصَّدَفِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ مَا كَانَ بَيْنَ إِسْلَامِنَا وَبَيْنَ أَنْ عَاتَبَنَا اللَّهُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ.
"There was no more than four years between the time when we became Muslim, and the time when Allah rebuked us with this Verse: Has not the time come for the hearts of those who believe to be effected by Allah's reminder..."
..
Narrated by Ibn Mas'ud رضی اللہ عنہ said
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ و حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ حَدَّثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ كَانَتْ الْمَرْأَةُ تَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ وَهِيَ عُرْيَانَةٌ فَتَقُولُ مَنْ يُعِيرُنِي تِطْوَافًا تَجْعَلُهُ عَلَى فَرْجِهَا وَتَقُولُ الْيَوْمَ يَبْدُو بَعْضُهُ أَوْ كُلُّهُ فَمَا بَدَا مِنْهُ فَلَا أُحِلُّهُ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ.
During the pre-Islamic days women circumambulated the Ka'ba nakedly, and said: Who would provide cloth to cover the one who is circumambulating the Ka'ba so that she would cover her private parts? And then she would say: Today will be exposed the whole or the part and what is exposed I shall not make it lawful. It was in this connection that the verse was revealed: Adorn yourself at every place of worship (vii. 31).
Narrated by Ibn Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ reported
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ يَقُولُ لِجَارِيَةٍ لَهُ اذْهَبِي فَابْغِينَا شَيْئًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ تَحَصُّنًا لِتَبْتَغُوا عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَنْ يُكْرِهْهُنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِكْرَاهِهِنَّ لَهُنَّ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ.
'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul used to say to his slave-girl: Go and fetch something for us by committing prostitution. It was in this connection that Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, revealed this verse: And compel not your slave-girls to prostitution when they desire to keep chaste in order to seek the frail goods of this world's life, and whoever compels them, then surely after their compulsion Allah is Forgiving, Merciful (xxiv. 33).
Narrated by Jabir رضی اللہ عنہ reported
و حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو كَامِلٍ الْجَحْدَرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ جَارِيَةً لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ يُقَالُ لَهَا مُسَيْكَةُ وَأُخْرَى يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمَيْمَةُ فَكَانَ يُكْرِهُهُمَا عَلَى الزِّنَى فَشَكَتَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ.
'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul had two slave-girls; one was called Musaika and the other one was called Umaima and he compelled them to prostitution (for which'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul compelled them). They made a complaint about this to Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) and it was upon this that this verse was revealed: And compel not your slave-girls to prostitute up to the words: Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
Narrated by Jabir رضی اللہ عنہ reported
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ الْوَسِيلَةَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ قَالَ كَانَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ الْجِنِّ أَسْلَمُوا وَكَانُوا يُعْبَدُونَ فَبَقِيَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ عَلَى عِبَادَتِهِمْ وَقَدْ أَسْلَمَ النَّفَرُ مِنْ الْجِنِّ.
Those to whom they call upon, themselves seek the means or access to their Lord as to whoever of them becomes nearest (xvii. 57) that it related to a party of Jinn who were being worshipped and they embraced Islam but those who worshipped them kept on worshipping them (though the Jinn whom the misguided people worshipped had become Muslims). It was then that this verse was revealed.
Narrated by Abdullah bin Mas'ud رضی اللہ عنہ reported in connection with the words of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ الْوَسِيلَةَ قَالَ كَانَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ الْإِنْسِ يَعْبُدُونَ نَفَرًا مِنْ الْجِنِّ فَأَسْلَمَ النَّفَرُ مِنْ الْجِنِّ وَاسْتَمْسَكَ الْإِنْسُ بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ فَنَزَلَتْ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ الْوَسِيلَةَ.
Those whom they call upon, themselves seek the means of access to their Lord, that it related to a group of people who worshipped a party amongst the Jinn. The group from amongst the Jinn embraced Islam, but the people kept worshipping them as they did before, and it was (on this occasion) that the verse was revealed: Those whom they call upon, themselves seek the means of access to their Lord.
Narrated by Abdullah bin Mas'ud رضی اللہ عنہ reported in connection with the verse
و حَدَّثَنِيهِ بِشْرُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Sulaiman with the same chain of transmitters.
و حَدَّثَنِي حَجَّاجُ بْنُ الشَّاعِرِ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ الزِّمَّانِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ الْوَسِيلَةَ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ نَفَرًا مِنْ الْجِنِّ فَأَسْلَمَ الْجِنِّيُّونَ وَالْإِنْسُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ فَنَزَلَتْ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ الْوَسِيلَةَ.
Those whom they call upon, themselves seek the means of access to their Lord, that that verse was revealed in connection with a party of Arabs who used to worship a group amnogst the jinn; the jinn embraced Islam but the people kept worshipping them without being conscious of it. Then this verse was revealed: Those whom they call upon, themselves seek the means of access to their Lord.
Narrated by Abdullah bin Mas'ud رضی اللہ عنہ said in connection with the verse
حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُطِيعٍ حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ سُورَةُ التَّوْبَةِ قَالَ آلتَّوْبَةِ قَالَ بَلْ هِيَ الْفَاضِحَةُ مَا زَالَتْ تَنْزِلُ وَمِنْهُمْ وَمِنْهُمْ حَتَّى ظَنُّوا أَنْ لَا يَبْقَى مِنَّا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا ذُكِرَ فِيهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ سُورَةُ الْأَنْفَالِ قَالَ تِلْكَ سُورَةُ بَدْرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالْحَشْرُ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي بَنِي النَّضِيرِ.
I said to Ibn 'Abbas رضی اللہ عنہما about Sura Tauba, whereupon he said: As for Sura Tauba, it is meant to humiliate (the non-believers and the hypocrites). There is constantly revealed in it (the pronoun) minhum (of them) and minhom (of them, i. e. such is the condition of some of them) till they (the Muslims) thought that none would be left unmentioned out of them who would not be blamed (for one fault or the other). I again said: What about Sura Anfal? He said: It pertains to the Battle of Badr. I again asked him about Sura al-Hashr. He said: It was revealed in connection with (the tribe) of Banu Nadir.
Narrated by Sa'id bin Jubair reported
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ خَطَبَ عُمَرُ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ أَلَا وَإِنَّ الْخَمْرَ نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُهَا يَوْمَ نَزَلَ وَهِيَ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ مِنْ الْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَالزَّبِيبِ وَالْعَسَلِ وَالْخَمْرُ مَا خَامَرَ الْعَقْلَ وَثَلَاثَةُ أَشْيَاءَ وَدِدْتُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا فِيهَا الْجَدُّ وَالْكَلَالَةُ وَأَبْوَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الرِّبَا.
Umar رضی اللہ عنہ delivered a sermon on the pulpit of Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) and he praised Allah and lauded Him and then said: Now coming to the point. Behold I when the command pertaining to the prohibition of wine was revealed, it was prepared from five things: from wheat, barley, date, grape, honey; and wine is that which clouds the intellect; and O people, I wish Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) could have explained to us in (more) detail the laws pertaining to the inheritance of the grandfather, about one who dies leaving no issue, and some of the problems pertaining to interest.
Narrated by Ibn 'Umar رضی اللہ عنہ reported
و حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَيَّانَ عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ وَهِيَ مِنْ خَمْسَةٍ مِنْ الْعِنَبِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَالْعَسَلِ وَالْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالْخَمْرُ مَا خَامَرَ الْعَقْلَ وَثَلَاثٌ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا فِيهِنَّ عَهْدًا نَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ الْجَدُّ وَالْكَلَالَةُ وَأَبْوَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الرِّبَا.
I heard 'Umar bin Khattab رضی اللہ عنہ delivering sermon on the pulpit ol Allah's messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) and saying': Now, coming to the point, O people, there was revealed (the command pertaining to the prohibition of wine) and it was prepared (at that time) out of five things: grape, date, honey, wheat, barley, and wine is that which clouds the intellect, and, O people, I wish Allah's Messenger ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) had explained to us in greater detail three things: the inheritance of the grandfather, of one who dies without leaving any issue, and some of the problems of interest.
Narrated by Ibn 'Umar رضی اللہ عنہ reported
و حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ و حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِهِمَا غَيْرَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُلَيَّةَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ الْعِنَبِ كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ عِيسَى الزَّبِيبِ كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ مُسْهِرٍ.
A similar hadith (as no. 7560) was narrated from Abu Hayyan with this chain of narrators, except that in his hadith Ibn 'Ulayyah say grapes, as Ibn Idris said, and in the hadith of 'Eisa it says rasins, as Ibn Mushir said.
حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عُبَادٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ يُقْسِمُ قَسَمًا إِنَّ هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ إِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الَّذِينَ بَرَزُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ حَمْزَةُ وَعَلِيٌّ وَعُبَيْدَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ وَعُتْبَةُ وَشَيْبَةُ ابْنَا رَبِيعَةَ وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ.
I heard Abu Dharr رضی اللہ عنہ took an oath that this verse: These two adversaries who dispute about their Lord (xxii. 19) was revealed in connection with those who on the Day of Badr came out (of rows to fight against the non-believers and they were) Hamza, 'Ali, 'Ubaida bin Harith رضی اللہ عنہ (from the side of the Muslims) and 'Utba and Shaiba, both of them the sons of Rabi'a and Walid bin 'Utba (from the side of the non-believers of Mecca).
Narrated by It was narrated that Qais bin 'Ubad said
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ و حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ جَمِيعًا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عُبَادٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ يُقْسِمُ لَنَزَلَتْ هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ هُشَيْمٍ.
It was narrated that Qais bin 'Ubad said: "I heard Abu Dharr رضی اللہ عنہ, swearing that the verse: 'There two opponents was revealed..." a hadith like that of Hushaim.